I-Gem grade periodt ihlukaniswe kakhulu ibe yinkathi ephuzi ephuzi-luhlaza, inkathi eluhlaza okwegolide, inkathi ephuzi-eluhlaza okotshani, inkathi eluhlaza okotshani (eyaziwa nangokuthi yi-dusk emerald noma i-emerald yasentshonalanga, i-primrose emerald yakusihlwa) kanye netshe lesibhakabhaka.
Isafire ebomvu ebomvu: ngaphambili, umphakathi wamazwe ngamazwe oyigugu wawukholelwa ukuthi i-corundum kuphela enokujula okuphakathi ukuya kokubomvu okumnyama noma okubomvu okunsomi kungabizwa ngokuthi irubi.Lezo ezishintsha ukukhanya okubomvu kube ukukhanya kakhulu zibizwa ngamasafire aphinki.
Umehluko phakathi kwe-Garnet ne-gem efanayo ne-synthetic garnet.Amatshe ayigugu afana nombala kuma-garnet ahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi amarubi, amasafire, i-corundum yokufakelwa, i-topazi, i-emeralds, i-Jadeite, njll. , i-heterogeneous futhi ingahlukaniswa nge-polarisation.
I-Red garnet iwuchungechunge lwe-aluminium garnet ye-magnesium aluminium garnet, ingeyezinhlobo ezijwayelekile zegarnet.Umbala obomvu we-garnet obomvu ungenza abantu babe ne-charm engenakuvinjelwa, bahehe injabulo nothando lwaphakade, bakhulise ukuzethemba, yitshe labesifazane.
I-Tourmaline inokwakheka okuyinkimbinkimbi nombala.Imboni yobucwebe bamazwe ngamazwe ngokuyisisekelo ihlukaniswe yaba izinhlobo zezohwebo ngokuya ngombala we-tourmaline, futhi uma umbala unemibala eminingi, inani liphezulu.
I-spinel iyimaminerali eyakhiwe nge-magnesium ne-aluminium oxide, ngoba iqukethe i-magnesium, insimbi, i-zinc, i-manganese nezinye izakhi, zingahlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo eziningi, njenge-aluminium spinel, i-iron spinel, i-zinc spinel, i-manganese spinel, i-chrome spinel kanye njalonjalo.
I-Ruby [1], okusho ukuthi i-corundum yombala obomvu, iwuhlobo lwe-corundum futhi iqukethe ngokuyinhloko i-aluminium oxide (AL 2O 3) .Umbala obomvu uvela ku-chromium (CR) , ikakhulukazi i-Cr2O3, okuqukethwe ngokuvamile ngu-0.1 ~ 3% , okuphezulu kakhulu ngu-4%.Iqukethe u-Fe, u-Ti kanye noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka uthe iSapphire, umbala we-CR ongewona we-chromium weminye imibala ye-corundum eyaziwa nangokuthi iSapphire.
I-Gem eboshwe zonke izinhlobo ze-gem grade corundum ngale kwerubi zibizwa ngesafire.Igama lamaminerali eSapphire le-corundum, amaminerali eqembu le-corundum.
I-Tan crystal ibizwa nangokuthi ikristalu yetiye, kanti i-quartz yentuthu (i-quartz ensundu) ibizwa nangokuthi ikristalu yentuthu kanye nekristalu kayinki I-Radioactive Iningi lamakristalu etiye angamakholomu angama-hexagonal.Njengamanye amakristalu asobala, kwesinye isikhathi kunezincazelo ezinjengokuqhekeka kweqhwa, ifu nenkungu.
I-Topazi isobala kodwa imvamisa i-opaque ngenxa yokungcola okukuyo.I-Topazi ngokuvamile inombala wewayini noma iphuzi ngokuphaphathekile.Kodwa kungaba mhlophe, grey, blue, green.I-topazi engenambala, lapho isikwe kahle, ingenziwa iphutha nedayimane.
I-TSAVORITE (TSAVORITE) igama lekhemikhali yi-chrome vanadium calcium aluminium garnet, ngoba iqukethe amanani amancane e-chromium ne-vanadium, i-Emerald Green ethambile, ejabulisa iso.I-Shafe National Park yaseKenya yatholwa isazi sokuma komhlaba uCampbell Brydges ngasekupheleni kwawo-1960.
I-China ingomunye wabakhiqizi abakhulu be-turquoise.I-Turquoise ikhiqizwa eZhushan County, Yunxi County, Anhui Ma'anshan, Shaanxi Baihe, Xichuan, Henan, Hami, Xinjiang, Wulan, Qinghai nakwezinye izindawo.